A Look Inside the Nakagin Capsule Tower in Japan

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Nakagin Capsule Tower exterior
Image: Noritaka Minami

When the Nakagin Capsule Tower in Tokyo was constructed in 1972, the building embodied what Japan envisioned as the future of cities and housing. Resembling laundry machines, the facade features numerous grey cubes with a circular window. Among the buildings of the Shimbashi district, the iconic Nakagin Capsule Tower stands out as a symbol that defines the cityscape.

Erected with two concrete cores that measure 11 and 13 stories high, prefabricated 107 sq ft (9.9 sq m) capsules are attached to the cores with high-tension bolts. The entire building was constructed in only 30 days.

Nakagin Capsule Tower among the cityscape
Image: Noritaka Minami

Despite its small size, each capsule includes a toilet and bathroom sink alongside ample space for a bed and other furnishings. 

inside the Nakagin Capsule Tower
Image: Noritaka Minami

The building is designed by Kisho Kurokawa, a Japanese architect regarded as being one of the founders of the Metabolism Movement. Originating during post-war Japan when reconstruction was in full swing, the architectural movement viewed buildings as not static but an ever-changing entity that can grow and adapt with time. 

“Industrial society was the ideal of Modern Architecture. The steam engine, the train, the automobile, and the airplane freed humanity from labor and permitted it to begin its journey into the realm of unknown. The age of the machine valued models, norms, and ideals,” explained Kisho. “The age of the machine was the age of the European spirit, the age of universality. We can say, then, that the twentieth century, the age of the machine, has been an age of Eurocentrism and logos-centrism. Logos-centrism posits that there is only one ultimate truth for all the world.”

“In contrast to the age of the machine, I call the twenty-first century the age of life,” said Kisho. “I found the Metabolism movement in 1959. I consciously selected the terms and key concepts of metabolism, metamorphosis, and because they were the vocabulary of life principles. Machines do not grow, change, or metabolize of their accord. “Metabolism” was indeed an excellent choice for a key word to announce the beginning of the age of life. I have chosen metabolism, metamorphosis, and symbiosis as key terms and concepts to express the principle of life.”

With the Metabolism movement in mind, the capsule units of the Nakagin Capsule Tower were intended to be replaced as they wore out. Unfortunately, replacing the capsules proved too expensive, condemning the building to decay. 

Image: Noritaka Minami
Image: Noritaka Minami
According to The Japan Times, the land on which the Nakagin Capsule Tower stands was sold in 2018 to a real estate firm that considered redevelopment with the option of demolition. The fate of the Nakagin Capsule Tower is currently in limbo. “Right now, there are no ways to preserve the building at a reasonable maintenance cost, but the property cannot be destroyed without approval from at least four-fifths of [unit] owners,” said the real estate firm to The Japan Times.

To remember the legacy of late Kisho Kurokawa who passed away in 2007, Japanese photographer Noritaka Minami began taking pictures of the Nakagin Capsule Tower in 2010. “Each time I visit the building, I learn something both about the architecture and the residents,” said Noritaka. 

Image: Noritaka Minami

Rather than photographing the tenants, Noritaka focuses on the building itself and the objects that make the capsules home. “[The room] functions as a container of people’s identity, personal interest, hobbies and taste,” noted Noritaka.

Image: Noritaka Minami

“There is not that much emphasis on the preservation of modern architecture in Japan,” expressed Noritaka. “It’s important [that the tower] can continue to stay there instead of going through the usual routine of being demolished for the sake of economic progress.”

Image: Noritaka Minami
Image: Noritaka Minami
Image: Noritaka Minami
Image: Noritaka Minami
Image: Noritaka Minami
Image: Noritaka Minami
Image: Noritaka Minami
Image: Noritaka Minami
Image: Noritaka Minami
Image: Noritaka Minami
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